Relation Between Magnetism And Electricity

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Relation Between Magnetism And Electricity

It is well known that whenever an electric current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field is

immediately brought into existence in the space surrounding the conductor. It can be said that when

electrons are in motion, they produce a magnetic field. The converse of this is also true i.e. when a

magnetic field embracing a conductor moves relative to the conductor, it produces a flow of electrons

in the conductor. This phenomenon whereby an e.m.f. and hence current (i.e. flow of electrons) is

induced in any conductor which is cut across or is cut by a magnetic flux is known as electromagnetic

induction. 

The historical background of this phenomenon is this :

After the discovery (by Oersted) that electric current produces a magnetic field, scientists began

to search for the converse phenomenon from about 1821 onwards. The problem they put to them￾selves was how to ‘convert’ magnetism into electricity. It is recorded that Michael Faraday* was in

the habit of walking about with magnets in his pockets so as to constantly remind him of the problem.

After nine years of continuous research and experimentation, he succeeded in producing electricity

by ‘converting magnetism’. In 1831, he formulated basic laws underlying the phenomenon of elec￾tromagnetic induction (known after his name), upon which is based the operation of most of the

commercial apparatus like motors, generators and transformers etc.

Basic Terms In Electrical engineering

Some Basic Terms Related To Electricity

Electricity

Electricity, simply put, is the flow of electric current along a conductor. This electric current takes the form of free electrons that transfer from one atom to the next. Thus, the more free electrons a material has, the better it conducts. There are three primary electrical parameters: the volt, the ampere and the ohm.

1. The Voltage

pressure that is put on free electrons that causes them to flow is known as electromotive force (EMF). The volt is the unit of pressure, i.e., the volt is the amount of electromotive force required to push a current of one ampere through a conductor with a resistance of one ohm.

2. The Ampere

The ampere defines the flow rate of electric current. For instance, when one coulomb (or 6 x 1018 electrons) flows past a given point on a conductor in one second, it is defined as a current of one ampere.

3. The Ohm

The ohm is the unit of resistance in a conductor. Three things determine the amount of resistance in a conductor: its size, its material, e.g., copper or aluminum, and its temperature. A conductor’s resistance increases as its length increases or diameter decreases. The more conductive the materials used, the lower the conductor resistance becomes. Conversely, a rise in temperature will generally increase resistance in a conductor.

Ohm’s Law

In a current carrying conductor, At constant temperature The Voltage across its terminals is directly proportional to the current flowing through it.. 

Ohm’s Law can be expressed as: V = I × R

Where: V = Voltage in volts

I= Current In Amps

R= Resistance In Ohms