ZENER BREAKDOWN

When the P and N regions are heavily dopped, direct rupture of the covalent bonds takes place because of the electric field. At the junction of the PN junction diode the new electron -hole pairs will be created increase the reverse current takes place at a constant reverse bias voltage typically 6v for heavily dopped diodes . As a result of hevy dopping the diplition region is reduced then the field across the diplition is very large 10^7 this is called as the zener breakdown

AVALANCHE BREAKDOWN

AVALANCHE BREAKDOWN :-

As the applied rever4se bias increases , the field across the junction increases correspondingly.

Thermally generated carriers while traversing the junction acquire large amount of kinetic energy from this field. As a result the velocity of these carriers will increase.these electrons disrupt covalent bonds by colliding the immobile ions and create new electron -hole pairs. these new carriers again acquire sufficient energy from the field and collide with the other immobile ions there by generating further electron-hole pairs.

This process commulatiove in nature and results generation of avalanche of the charge carriers within ashort time.

This mechanism of carier generation is known as the Avalanche Multiplication. This prcess resuts flow of large amount of current at the same value of the reverse bias

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ZENER DIODE EXPLANATION

ZENER DIODE :-

We know that the working of the  PN Jucnction Diode, It is very similar to the PN junction in Forward bias condition.

But in the Reverse bias condition It have a special feature thats why a Zener Diode is different from a Normal diode

When the reverse voltage reaches breakdown vltae in Normal PN Junction Diode, the current throuh the junction and the power dissipated i the junction is very high.Such an operation is distructive and the diode will gets damaged.

Whereas diodes can designed with adequate power dissipation capabilities to operate in the break down region. Such diode is known as the ZENER DIODE.Zener diode is heavily dopped  thnan the Normal Diode

The diode will have two conditions to work
1) Aalanche Breakdown
2)Zener Breakdown

A zener diode should be work betweeen the zener and avalanche breakdown regions.

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