Electric Dipole & Field Intensity af Dipole on Axial line And Equotorial Line

After Two Days I am going To A Post A Topic Sorry For The Delay


Electric Dipole :

A system of two equal and apposite point charges separated by a small distance is called Electric Dipole

We regard a molecule is a collection of atomic nuclie surrounded by a cloud of negative Charge. Several molecules ( e.g HCL,H20 etc ). Behave as Electric Dipole. In these molecules called as polar molecules, The centre of  positive Charge doesn't​ coincide with the negative charge. The result is one end of molecule is positively charges and another end is negativity charged. Although the molecule behaves as the electric Dipole.

Fig showing a Electric Dipole

 The figure shows an electric Dipole of (+Q,-Q) separated by a small distance 2a

Electric Dipole Moment (P) :

The behavior of a Electric Dipole is described by a vector (P) called as Electric Dipole Moment. The magnitude of the dipole moment is equal to product of their charges and distance between them        [ P = Q×2a ]

Field Intensity On the Axial Line Of Dipole :

Field Intensity on the Axial Line of dipole

Consider an electric Dipole consisting of charge  "+Q" and "-Q" separated by a small distance " 2a" in a free space.

Let "P" be a point on Axial line of the dipole at a distance of "x" from the centre "O" of the dipole ( OP=x )
The magnitude of resultant field Intensity due to dipole at point'P' given by 

Field Intensity on the equotorial line of Dipole :

Field Intensity on the equotorial line of Dipole

Consider a Electric Dipole consisting of charges +Q and -Q separated by a small distance 2a in free space 

Let P be a point on equotorial line of a dipole at a distance of "x" from centre O of the dipole ( i.e  OP=x ) the magnitude of  Electric field Intensity at a point P due to the Dipole is

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Electric Field Intensity And Electric Lines Of Force (Field Lines)

Electric Field Intensity :

"The electric Field Intensity at a point in a space is equal to force per unit charge exerted on extremely small positive Charge placed at that point"

It's direction is that of the force that acts on the positive test charge

Consider A point charge '+Q' located at point 'O' in space , the charge '+Q' sets up Electric field in the space surrounding it.If a small positive test Charge "+q0" placed at point 'P' experience a force "F" and electric Field Intensity at point'P' given by 

     E = F/q0   Newton/Coulomb
     F= qE

• Electric field Intensity is a vector quantity i.e it has both magnitude and direction
• The SI unit of Electric field Intensity is N/C . It can also expressed in Volts per metre V/m

Electric field Intensity Due To A Point Charge :

Consider a point charge '+Q' placed at point 'O' then the magnitude of Electric field Intensity at point'P' from a distance (OP=d) is given by

Electric field Intensity Due to a group of Point Charges :

The resultant Electric field Intensity at a point due to group of Point charges can be given by Super Position Principlethus Electric field Intensity at a point 'P' due to "n" point charges (Q1,Q2,Q3,......Qn)

   E=E1+E2+E3+......................+En


Electric Lines Of Force (Field Lines ) :

The Electric field due to a group of charges is represented by Electric lines of force .this is a very useful visual representation of Electric field.

An electric line force is the path along which a small positive test Charge would move if free to do so.

The number of field lines emerging from +ve charge is proportional to magnitude of Charge.

 Properties of Electric lines of Force :

• The electric lines of force are directed away from positive Charge and towards the negative charge
• The field lines start at +ve charge and ends at -ve charge
• Field Lines leave or enter the charged surface normally
• Flux lines cannot pass through a conductor. This means the electric Field inside a conductor is zero
• Flux lines cannot intersect each other
• Field Lines have tendency to contract in length
• Electric lines of force have tendency to expand laterally